Gloria Anzaldua says in Borderlands/La Frontera:
The New Mestiza, reformulating Virginia Woolf's known
quote:
As a mestiza I have no country, my homeland cast
me out; yet all countries are mine because I am every
woman's sister or potential lover. (As a lesbian I
have no race, my own people disclaim me; but I am
all races because there is the queer of me in all
races.) I am cultureless because, as a feminist, I
challenge the collective cultural-religious male-derived
beliefs of Indo-Hispanics and Anglos: yet I am cultured
because I am participating in the creation of yet
another culture, a new story to explain the world
and our participation in it, a new value system with
images and symbols that connect us to each other and
to the planet. Soy un amasamiento... (1990: 380)
Like her friend Gloria Anzaldua, Sonia Rivera-Valdés
is also participating actively in the creation of
an alternative culture, mestiza, feminist, and cosmopolitan,
committed to the transformation of a patriarchal society
and its myths about women. Her work enters fully into
the parameters that Rosi Braidotti terms the "nomadic
conscience", and that she conceives as "a
point of exit from phallogocentrism". Faced with
the literature of exile, stamped with loss and separation,
and the literature of immigration that drags the past
like a weight, nomadic literature defines itself as
"a form of resisting assimilation or homologation
into dominant ways of representing the self"
(25). In particular, Sonia is waging a war with the
traditional and still dominant forms of a patriarchal
culture. Her alliance with these emerging representations
of the feminine (the nomad, the mestiza...) converts
her into a travel companion for many other creators
and thinkers who use history, literature, the plastic
arts, philosophy, or political activism to trace a
radically new map of the world of women.
Sonia's characters are clearly a result of a crossing
of cultures; her identity has been forged by the contrast
of the familiar Latino world and the customs and values
of North American society. Cultural Identity, as Rossi
Braidotti affirms, is constructed in retrospect, and
stems in good measure from the effect of the nomadic
condition on a subject. The nomad, for this italo-australian
philosopher based in the Netherlands, is a subject
in which various spokes of differentiation coincide
- social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age.
In this sense, the nomad and the mestiza are parallel
representations of the ex-centric subject of Teresa
de Lauretis, who exists "across boundaries and
in a marginal, tangencial relation to the white, Western,
middle-class male centre" (de Lauretis: 145).The
humorous tone of the stories in The Forbidden
Stories of Marta Veneranda does not leave room
for denouncing a tragically mundane daily life. Domestic
violence was the cause of death of sixty four women
in Spain in the year 2000, and today we know that
this phenomena does not distinguish between nationalities,
social spheres, or cultural levels. Nevertheless,
it involves a theme that does not appear often in
literature. I think it is important to underline the
fact that in these stories Sonia Rivera-Valdes dares
to break a conspiracy of silence between abusers,
victims, the police, and the judges, and speaks in
a loud voice about a topic that has traditionally
been censured or ignored.
In contrast to the social ideal of a dependant woman
who is submissive to men, the model of woman Sonia
presents on repeated occasions, has been able to "kick
out the worthless, the lies, the non-encounters, the
brutalization" (Anzaldua, 1990:381). For Sonia
Rivera-Valdés' women, the one apparently unavoidable
aspect of "owning one's own life" is to
be active in the search for pleasure and enjoyment
in their own sexuality.
Through her different narrators , Sonia breaks with
traditional taboos about the female body and sexuality,
and brings to light long buried discourse about desire:
For most of her characters, (and this includes two
men who consult Marta Veneranda), unregulated desire,
the kind that overflows its banks and is legitimately
sanctioned - and that, as Gayle Rubin indicates, constitutes
the very essence of the "forbidden."
The use of a narrative formula based on intimate
confessions ends up generating and requiring a community
of female readers. In this context, it is tempting
to use a term (one that has lately fallen from grace)
forged by Adrianne Rich in the eighties- the "continuous
lesbian" - a term that extends the idea of identification
with other women to include "the sharing of a
rich inner life, the bonding against male tyranny
[and] the giving and receiving of practical and political
support" (Rich: 239).
Numerous theories have argued that this idea dilutes
the material difference between the existence of lesbian
women and heterosexuals, and takes away significance
from lesbianism as a sexual practice. But certainly,
there on the margin of different orientations, the
narrators of The Forbidden Stories of Marta Veneranda
form a sorority. We find numerous examples of this
throughout all the stories. And this is, finally,
the profound ethical compromise underlying these stories,
one that allows us to recognize our sisters in the
subversive women of Sonia Rivera-Valdés.
REFERENCES
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ALONSO YODU, Odette. 2000. "Mujer ante el espejo. (La presencia lesbiana en la literatura", en COCO de FILIPPIS, Daisy y RIVERA-VALDES, Sonia (eds). 2000.
ANZALDUA, Gloria. 1987. "La conciencia de la mestiza: Towards a New Consciousness", en ANZALDUA, Gloria (ed) 1990.
ANZALDUA, Gloria (ed). 1990. Making Face, Making Soul. Haciendo Caras. Creative and Crirical Persperctives by Feminists of Color. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books.
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